These thermal steps are usually involving long processing time. To overcome this limitation and to make possible the quick processing of ceramics, we propose to microwave sinter the pieces. Microwave sintering (MWS) is one of the rapid sintering technologies available. Unlike Spark Plasma Sintering and Flash Sintering, the main advantage of MWS is the geometry-restriction free set-up, which is compatible with complex-shaped parts sintering. 

When I joined the LMCPA (Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés) to begin my Ph.D., preliminary experiments already highlighted that the MWS of hydroxyapatite shaped by SLA was feasible and exhibited similar mechanical properties than conventional sintering. We focused our researches on alumina, zirconia, and composites made of alumina-zirconia to increase the potential of this coupling on biomaterials. The results are impressive; we are now able to process on-demand complex-shaped ceramics in a few hours while maintaining the mechanical properties in comparison with conventional sintering. Nevertheless, debinding is still a tricky step of the process, especially during microwave heating, but improvement is expected by precise monitoring and control of the temperature.

Financial support: FEDER Interreg “Tech2Fab”

For more information, please visit:

• Until May 17, 2020: https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1ap7H3PCJlBfSh
• http://tech2fab.eu/ 
• https://www.uphf.fr/LMCPA/